It is a huge question that how Britain in 1800 with a population of only about 10 million people, should have been able to take control over a huge are with population of about 350 million people. Most of the Indians saw benefits in cooperating with the Britain.To assist trade and control over land they constructed a network of roads and later, thousands of miles of railways. They irrigated 20 million acres of land, and slowly established schools, universities and hospitals. The religious and cultural differences in the sub-continent also provided them an easy path.
HOW DID BRITAIN USE ITS CONTROL OF THE COTTON TRADE?
As the trade rate grew rapidly the Britain needed more and more raw materials. Control of cotton trade was very profitable for Britain. In 1800 the Britain stopped trade of cotton cloths to England, it only traded raw cotton. Which was taken to England turned into cloths and sent back to India for sale, this had a very drastic effect on the workers who relied on making and selling cloth. But the East India Company only considered its profit. This led to growth of poverty in India and the farmers were forced to grow jute and cotton for sale to Britain.
HOW DID BRITAIN REINFORCE ITS CONTROL OF INDIA?
In 1798, Lord Wellesley arrived to India as Governor General. He forced the local princess to sign subsidiary alliance. The local rulers were given protection by Britain troops. Britain in return took money for it. At the same time the local rulers were not allowed to make any other alliance. The first state to accept it was Hyderabad and later followed by the other states.
WHAT HAPPENED TO THE EAST INDIA COMPANY?
In 1773 the British Government had accepted some responsibilities for the tragic events in India. Under the Regulating Act, the East India Company was made accountable to Parliament.Every six month the Company directors had to provide a report of their activities. In 1813 other British companies wanted to share in profits of India, it was a serious blow to the East India Company. Later the violent incident of 1857 raped up their rule from India. A strong rule of Britain finally came to an end.
HOW DID BRITISH TAKE OVER THE AREA OF PRESENT-DAY PAKISTAN?
The British conquest of India alarmed the people of Afghanistan and the Sikh rulers of Punjab. Afghanistan stood between Russia and British India. The British took the situation carefully, they knew that Russia can threaten there rule over India. The British made an agreement with the powerful Sikh ruler of Punjab.In 1839 the they invaded Afghanistan and installed their own puppet leader. But after two years the Afghani forces rebelled against the king and killed him.
In order to control the important route through Bolan Pass into India ,Sir Charles Napier sized Sindh.
Although it was against the treaty with local rulers. In this way Kabul and Sindh fell in hands of Britain.
After this they turned to Punjab as it included two important routes the Khyber Pass in the Indus River. The Britain knew that the goods moving on camels from Khyber Pass can easily be shipped down the river Indus and then to Karachi.
The Sikhs in Punjab tried to stop the Britain in the first Sikh War the Britain were defeated but in the 2nd Sikh War Britain stood victorious.
THE MISUNDERSTOOD CONCEPT OF BRITAIN?
The Britain thought that they could change the mind of Indians according to their will. They failed to grasp the significant cultural differences. The reality was that they only came to the Subcontinent for the sake of trade,profit and power.
HOW DID THE BRITISH TREAT THE LANDS THEY HAD TAKEN?
By the 1850's Britain controlled almost all of Indian Subcontinent.Few areas like Sindh and the Punjab were directly controlled by the British. Others such as Mysore and Kashmir were under control of local rulers who were entirely obedient to the British. The territories which were not governed well were seized. All this was done in order keep their trade smooth.
WHAT DID THE BRITISH DO ABOUT RELIGION?
Earlier the East India Company followed a neutral path over religion. Any threat to Hindus, Muslims
could lead to trouble. Later Christians demanded the right of missionaries to go to India and convert
them to Christians. The East India Company agreed on it in 1833, but very few Indians converted
to Christianity.
HOW DID BRITAIN USE ITS CONTROL OF THE COTTON TRADE?
As the trade rate grew rapidly the Britain needed more and more raw materials. Control of cotton trade was very profitable for Britain. In 1800 the Britain stopped trade of cotton cloths to England, it only traded raw cotton. Which was taken to England turned into cloths and sent back to India for sale, this had a very drastic effect on the workers who relied on making and selling cloth. But the East India Company only considered its profit. This led to growth of poverty in India and the farmers were forced to grow jute and cotton for sale to Britain.
HOW DID BRITAIN REINFORCE ITS CONTROL OF INDIA?
In 1798, Lord Wellesley arrived to India as Governor General. He forced the local princess to sign subsidiary alliance. The local rulers were given protection by Britain troops. Britain in return took money for it. At the same time the local rulers were not allowed to make any other alliance. The first state to accept it was Hyderabad and later followed by the other states.
WHAT HAPPENED TO THE EAST INDIA COMPANY?
In 1773 the British Government had accepted some responsibilities for the tragic events in India. Under the Regulating Act, the East India Company was made accountable to Parliament.Every six month the Company directors had to provide a report of their activities. In 1813 other British companies wanted to share in profits of India, it was a serious blow to the East India Company. Later the violent incident of 1857 raped up their rule from India. A strong rule of Britain finally came to an end.
HOW DID BRITISH TAKE OVER THE AREA OF PRESENT-DAY PAKISTAN?
The British conquest of India alarmed the people of Afghanistan and the Sikh rulers of Punjab. Afghanistan stood between Russia and British India. The British took the situation carefully, they knew that Russia can threaten there rule over India. The British made an agreement with the powerful Sikh ruler of Punjab.In 1839 the they invaded Afghanistan and installed their own puppet leader. But after two years the Afghani forces rebelled against the king and killed him.
In order to control the important route through Bolan Pass into India ,Sir Charles Napier sized Sindh.
Although it was against the treaty with local rulers. In this way Kabul and Sindh fell in hands of Britain.
After this they turned to Punjab as it included two important routes the Khyber Pass in the Indus River. The Britain knew that the goods moving on camels from Khyber Pass can easily be shipped down the river Indus and then to Karachi.
The Sikhs in Punjab tried to stop the Britain in the first Sikh War the Britain were defeated but in the 2nd Sikh War Britain stood victorious.
THE MISUNDERSTOOD CONCEPT OF BRITAIN?
The Britain thought that they could change the mind of Indians according to their will. They failed to grasp the significant cultural differences. The reality was that they only came to the Subcontinent for the sake of trade,profit and power.
HOW DID THE BRITISH TREAT THE LANDS THEY HAD TAKEN?
By the 1850's Britain controlled almost all of Indian Subcontinent.Few areas like Sindh and the Punjab were directly controlled by the British. Others such as Mysore and Kashmir were under control of local rulers who were entirely obedient to the British. The territories which were not governed well were seized. All this was done in order keep their trade smooth.
WHAT DID THE BRITISH DO ABOUT RELIGION?
Earlier the East India Company followed a neutral path over religion. Any threat to Hindus, Muslims
could lead to trouble. Later Christians demanded the right of missionaries to go to India and convert
them to Christians. The East India Company agreed on it in 1833, but very few Indians converted
to Christianity.
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