HOW IMPORTANT WAS THE UPRISING FOR THE FUTURE OF PAKISTAN?
By 1850's the British were confident that their control over Indian Subcontinent was secure. But in 1857 the British authority was challenged by a violent uprising. Although this attempt of revolution failed but it inspired the later generation to seek independence for their own countries.
WHAT WERE THE CAUSES OF THE UPRISING?
Taxes
People hated paying land tax, made compulsory by the British for all Indians.
Poverty
Many Indians were poor because the British filled Indian market with cheap over produced goods.
Local Rulers
Local rulers had their land seized by the British.
Religion
Christian missionaries insulted deeply held beliefs of all Indians.
Westernization
England education, the steam-engine, and the electric telegraph threatened Indian culture.
HOW DID THE UPRISING START?
Greased Cartridges
The newly Enfield Rifle that had to be ripped open with teeth before loading a rumor was spread that the grease for these cartridges was made up of cow and pig fat. There was an outrage among both Muslims and Hindus after this.
Harsh Attitude of British
The British commander-in-cheif, General Anson was determined to maintain peace he took strong action to maintain it. About Eighty-five sepoys who refused to use the cartridges were given long prison sentences of ten years hard labor on roads. By doing this the British reminded everyone that they were firmly in charge.
HOW DID THE VIOLENCE SPREAD?
At Kanpur, the troops joined the revolt and killed their officers and any Europeans that they could found. They were led by Nana Sahib, who had a personnel grievance against the British for stopping his huge pension. A British force managed to hold on to a defensive position for three weeks.Eventually being promised of safe passage out surrendered. But tragically Nana Sahib ordered open fire on them killing almost all the soldiers including 300 women and children. Four soldiers and 100 woman and children were taken as prisoners. Before the British army could arrive, they were dead. The British army captured the sepoys and punished the brutally and hanged their dead bodies in public, but they were not able to capture Nana Sahib.
WHY DID THE UPRISING FAILED?
Aims
The aims of the rebels were vague and confused. They wanted to restore their old rulers and customs. Very few thought of a united India ruling itself.
Leadership
No single leader cam forward who could command respect and people to motivate people to join rebellion. There was lack of coordination between different areas of unrest.
Disunity
Different groups of people of various faiths and different regions didn't set aside their differences and join together to resist the British.
British Determination
The British act carefully and got rid of all the rebels. Many local people remained loyal to the British and fought for the British.
By 1850's the British were confident that their control over Indian Subcontinent was secure. But in 1857 the British authority was challenged by a violent uprising. Although this attempt of revolution failed but it inspired the later generation to seek independence for their own countries.
WHAT WERE THE CAUSES OF THE UPRISING?
Taxes
People hated paying land tax, made compulsory by the British for all Indians.
Poverty
Many Indians were poor because the British filled Indian market with cheap over produced goods.
Local Rulers
Local rulers had their land seized by the British.
Religion
Christian missionaries insulted deeply held beliefs of all Indians.
Westernization
England education, the steam-engine, and the electric telegraph threatened Indian culture.
HOW DID THE UPRISING START?
Greased Cartridges
The newly Enfield Rifle that had to be ripped open with teeth before loading a rumor was spread that the grease for these cartridges was made up of cow and pig fat. There was an outrage among both Muslims and Hindus after this.
Harsh Attitude of British
The British commander-in-cheif, General Anson was determined to maintain peace he took strong action to maintain it. About Eighty-five sepoys who refused to use the cartridges were given long prison sentences of ten years hard labor on roads. By doing this the British reminded everyone that they were firmly in charge.
HOW DID THE VIOLENCE SPREAD?
At Kanpur, the troops joined the revolt and killed their officers and any Europeans that they could found. They were led by Nana Sahib, who had a personnel grievance against the British for stopping his huge pension. A British force managed to hold on to a defensive position for three weeks.Eventually being promised of safe passage out surrendered. But tragically Nana Sahib ordered open fire on them killing almost all the soldiers including 300 women and children. Four soldiers and 100 woman and children were taken as prisoners. Before the British army could arrive, they were dead. The British army captured the sepoys and punished the brutally and hanged their dead bodies in public, but they were not able to capture Nana Sahib.
WHY DID THE UPRISING FAILED?
Aims
The aims of the rebels were vague and confused. They wanted to restore their old rulers and customs. Very few thought of a united India ruling itself.
Leadership
No single leader cam forward who could command respect and people to motivate people to join rebellion. There was lack of coordination between different areas of unrest.
Disunity
Different groups of people of various faiths and different regions didn't set aside their differences and join together to resist the British.
British Determination
The British act carefully and got rid of all the rebels. Many local people remained loyal to the British and fought for the British.
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